Immunization stress-related response (ISSR) is a reaction caused by anxiety, which presents itself in the form of physical symptoms that differ from person to person. Anxiety about receiving a vaccine can stimulate a physical reaction. Some people experience a stimulation of stress hormones, such as cortisol, which can lead to constriction of blood vessels where a sympathetic nervous system reaction occurs.
Symptoms of ISSR are extremely varied. They usually occur within a few minutes following a vaccination, although some symptoms may take several hours or days to present themselves. A neuroimaging study of someone suffering with ISSR would show no clear signs, and the symptoms of this condition tend to go away naturally within 1–3 days. ISSR is more prevalent among women than men, as well as among the young and overweight.
If such symptoms occur, medical staff will carry out a thorough physical assessment, including monitoring the patient’s pulse. If the symptoms are consistent with a stroke, such as numbness, weakness in certain limbs, and a drooping mouth, they will be fast tracked to receive urgent treatment for their condition. If symptoms are not identified or if ISSR is suspected, the symptoms will be treated in isolation, although they often improve or go away naturally with rest and relaxation. Once the symptoms do improve, the patient may return home and go about daily life as before.
Nevertheless, it is important to understand that these symptoms can occur following any type of vaccine no matter how they are produced. Indeed, ISSR is considered to be one of several adverse events following immunization (AEFI), while it is also an unwanted side effect that can occur within 30 days of being vaccinated and is not always caused by the vaccine itself.
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