
Endometriosis, or chocolate cysts, is a condition that most commonly affects women during their reproductive years.
One theory for endometriosis is that they are caused by retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows back through the fallopian tubes and deposits the tissue in various locations, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, intestines, or other tissues attached to the uterus. At first, there may be no indication or noticeable pain, but over time, the surrounding tissue can become inflamed or swollen, which may then develop into lesions or growths. If the displaced endometrial tissue becomes lodged on the ovaries, blood during the menstrual cycle becomes trapped and has nowhere to go, thus accumulating more and more until it forms cysts. As blood that collects over time thickens, it becomes a dark blood color, thus earning the name “chocolate cysts”. In truth, no clear medical conclusion has been made regarding the cause of this disease. As far as the symptoms are concerned, women who have endometriosis will often experience very painful menstrual cramps, increasing in pain until they becomes almost unbearable and require painkillers and/or until their work schedule or daily life and activities are impeded. Some women experience pain in other parts of the body as well, for example, pain in the lower back and and pelvic area. Sometimes it can cause flatulence, bloating, or diarrhea. Some women also experience deep pain in the uterus or lower abdomen during sexual intercourse. Simply stated, this is a condition that has the potential to greatly affect the daily life and activities of women, and if left untreated for too long, it can progress to the point of unbearable pain, at which point surgical removal of the uterus may be required. Allowing this to happen would mean an inability to have children in the future; it is, therefore, an issue that requires early treatment early.